Execute SQL script in all PDBs database Oracle 12c In a CDB Environment, the catcon.pl utility is used to run SQL scripts and SQL statements in all PDBS database provide by Oracle. Catcon.pl script can run from the root container and in specified PDBs and it also have option for log files that you can. SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used to communicate with data stored in a relational database management system. SQL syntax is similar to the English language, which makes it relatively easy to write, read, and interpret. Many RDBMSs use SQL (and variations of SQL) to access the data in tables. Customizing catalog SQL statements In all supported warehouse platforms other than Microsoft Access, MicroStrategy uses SQL statements to query the relational database management system (RDBMS) catalog tables to obtain warehouse catalog information. This information includes catalog tables, columns, and their data types. By admin The package VERIFYDATAPUMP checks the objects created by different DataPump specific scripts located in $ORACLEHOME/rdbms/admin, which are automatically called within catproc.sql. Different versions have different DataPump objects in the data dictionary. At this moment the package works only with 11gR2 and 12c. Create RAC database manually in oracle 12c. This involves lot of manual steps. DBCA method is always easier. But if for any reason, dbca is not possible, then foll.
- SQL Tutorial
- Advanced SQL
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- Selected Reading
What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management S Enroute software manual. ystem. RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
What is a table?
The data in an RDBMS is stored in database objects which are called as tables. This table is basically a collection of related data entries and it consists of numerous columns and rows.
What Is Rdbms
Remember, a table is the most common and simplest form of data storage in a relational database. The following program is an example of a CUSTOMERS table −
What is a field?
Every table is broken up into smaller entities called fields. The fields in the CUSTOMERS table consist of ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS and SALARY.
A field is a column in a table that is designed to maintain specific information about every record in the table.
What is a Record or a Row?
A record is also called as a row of data is each individual entry that exists in a table. For example, there are 7 records in the above CUSTOMERS table. Following is a single row of data or record in the CUSTOMERS table −
A record is a horizontal entity in a table.
What is a column?
A column is a vertical entity in a table that contains all information associated with a specific field in a table.
For example, a column in the CUSTOMERS table is ADDRESS, which represents location description and would be as shown below −
What is a NULL value?
- SQL Tutorial
- Advanced SQL
- SQL Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management S Enroute software manual. ystem. RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd.
What is a table?
The data in an RDBMS is stored in database objects which are called as tables. This table is basically a collection of related data entries and it consists of numerous columns and rows.
What Is Rdbms
Remember, a table is the most common and simplest form of data storage in a relational database. The following program is an example of a CUSTOMERS table −
What is a field?
Every table is broken up into smaller entities called fields. The fields in the CUSTOMERS table consist of ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS and SALARY.
A field is a column in a table that is designed to maintain specific information about every record in the table.
What is a Record or a Row?
A record is also called as a row of data is each individual entry that exists in a table. For example, there are 7 records in the above CUSTOMERS table. Following is a single row of data or record in the CUSTOMERS table −
A record is a horizontal entity in a table.
What is a column?
A column is a vertical entity in a table that contains all information associated with a specific field in a table.
For example, a column in the CUSTOMERS table is ADDRESS, which represents location description and would be as shown below −
What is a NULL value?
A NULL value in a table is a value in a field that appears to be blank, which means a field with a NULL value is a field with no value.
It is very important to understand that a NULL value is different than a zero value or a field that contains spaces. A field with a NULL value is the one that has been left blank during a record creation.
SQL Constraints
Constraints are the rules enforced on data columns on a table. These are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the database.
Constraints can either be column level or table level. Column level constraints are applied only to one column whereas, table level constraints are applied to the entire table.
Following are some of the most commonly used constraints available in SQL −
NOT NULL Constraint − Ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value.
DEFAULT Constraint − Provides a default value for a column when none is specified.
UNIQUE Constraint − Ensures that all the values in a column are different.
PRIMARY Key − Uniquely identifies each row/record in a database table.
FOREIGN Key − Uniquely identifies a row/record in any another database table.
CHECK Constraint − The CHECK constraint ensures that all values in a column satisfy certain conditions.
INDEX − Used to create and retrieve data from the database very quickly.
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Data Integrity
The following categories of data integrity exist with each RDBMS −
Entity Integrity − There are no duplicate rows in a table.
Domain Integrity − Enforces valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, the format, or the range of values.
Referential integrity − Rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other records.
User-Defined Integrity − Enforces some specific business rules that do not fall into entity, domain or referential integrity.
Database Normalization
Rdbms Types
Database normalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two reasons of this normalization process −
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Eliminating redundant data, for example, storing the same data in more than one table.
Need you now karaoke. Ensuring data dependencies make sense.
Both these reasons are worthy goals as they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and ensures that data is logically stored. Normalization consists of a series of guidelines that help guide you in creating a good database structure.
Rdbms Database
Normalization guidelines are divided into normal forms; think of a form as the format or the way a database structure is laid out. The aim of normal forms is to organize the database structure, so that it complies with the rules of first normal form, then second normal form and finally the third normal form.
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It is your choice to take it further and go to the fourth normal form, fifth normal form and so on, but in general, the third normal form is more than enough.
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